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101.
102.
蚯蚓生物反应器污泥减量与稳定效果试验研究 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
蚯蚓生物反应器以蚯矧等微型动物和各种微生物为主形成生物降解系统.城镇污水经生物预处理后,经该反应器过滤,水质得到澄清和进一步改善,而水中含有的生物膜污泥则被滤床截留.通过蚯蚓的吸收、消化和分解转化为蚯蚓排泄物(蚓粪).中试运行结果表明,当蚯蚓生物反应器水力负荷为5.3~6.6 m3/(m2·d)时,在满足污水处理效果条件下,蚯蚓生物反应器对生物膜污泥挥发性悬浮固体(VSS)降解率为86.67%~96.20%.所产生的蚓粪VSS:SS为29.97%~31.20%,有机物降解率超过了厌氧消化与好氧消化处理污泥的效果.减量化和稳定化效果十分明显.该系统排出的蚓粪含有丰富的肥分,可用作农肥与土壤改良剂. 相似文献
103.
底泥的氮、磷释放及其微生物影响的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
氮和磷在自然界的循环已经引起了人们的关注,一方面因为氮和磷是生态系统中必不可少的营养元素,另一方面过剩的氮和磷会导致水域的富营养化 ,从而使生态平衡遭受破坏.本文综述了水体沉积物中氮和磷受微生物作用进行释放的影响,以及国内外的研究历史和现状.总结了氮磷微生物代谢的特点,并阐述了与传统认识相区别的最新发现和思想.本文试图从理论上说明微生物的氮磷释放机理,通过生物化学和分子动力的角度解释了细菌对氮磷的吸收和释放,即质子动势理论和Pho调控理论.目前,这一领域研究的热点是为了特殊的使用用途对于高效微生物的分离鉴别和组合培养,和对氮磷代谢的影响因素. 相似文献
104.
Organisms are typically exposed to mixtures of chemicals over long periods of time; thus, chronic mixture toxicity analysis is the best way to perform risk assessment in regards to organisms. However, most studies focus on the acute mixture toxicity. To investigate the difference between chronic mixture toxicity and acute mixture toxicity, Photobacterium phosphoreum were exposed to chronic (24 h exposure) and acute (15 min exposure) toxicity of single sulfonamide (SA) and their potentiator (trimethoprim, TMP), both individually and mixtures (SA with TMP). A comparison of chronic vs. acute mixture toxicity revealed the presence of an interesting phenomenon, that is, that the joint effects vary with the duration of exposure; the acute mixture toxicity was antagonistic, whereas the chronic mixture toxicity was synergistic. Based on the approach of Quantitative Structure Activity Relationships (QSARs) and molecular docking, this phenomenon was proved to be caused by the presence of two points of dissimilarity between the acute and chronic mixture toxicity mechanism: (1) the receptor protein of SAs in acute toxicity was Luc, while in chronic toxicity it was Dhps, and (2) there is a difference between actual concentration of binding-Luc in acute toxicity and individual binding-Dhps in chronic toxicity. This deep insight into the difference between chronic and acute mixture toxicity will benefit environmental science, medical science, and other disciplines. The existence of these differences poses a challenge for the assessment of routine combinations in medicine, risk assessment, and mixture pollutant control, in which, previously, only a synergistic effect has been observed between SA and their potentiator. 相似文献
105.
A.M. Kooijman I. Lubbers M. van Til 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(11):3158-3165
Effects of high atmospheric nitrogen-deposition partly depend on availability of phosphate. Lime-poor, but iron-rich dune grasslands are supposedly protected from grass-encroachment, due to P-fixation in iron phosphate. However, in iron-rich Dutch hinterdunes, dunes have low, but dry former beach plains high grass-encroachment. To test whether these zones differ in nutrient availability, and whether this changed with duration of grass-encroachment, we measured net N-mineralization, microbial characteristics and different fractions of P and Fe from pioneer and shortgrass to tallgrass stages approximately 10, 20 and >25 years old. N-mineralization did not differ between zones, but increased in older tallgrass stages in the organic layer. P-availability was significantly lower in the low grass-encroachment zone, with SOM values below 3% and mineral Fe above 40% allowing for P-fixation in iron phosphates. In the high grass-encroachment zone, however, P-availability increased, because SOM increased and Fe became incorporated in organic matter complexes, with more reversible P-sorption. 相似文献
106.
We investigated the long-standing premise in behavioral ecology that the environment affects behavior and demography. We
did this by evaluating the extent to which year-to-year variability in the behavioral ecology of a nonhuman primate population
could be modeled from meteorological patterns. Data on activity profiles and home range use for baboons (Papio cynocephalus) in Amboseli, Kenya, were obtained over a 10-year period for three social groups: two completely wild-foraging ones, and
a third that supplemented its diet with refuse from a nearby tourist lodge. The relationships across years among activity
budgeting, travel distance, group size, and measures of temperature and rainfall patterns differed among the social groups.
Although meteorological variation generally correlated with behavioral variation in the completely wild-foraging groups, different
weather variables and direction of relationships resulted for each group. In addition, different relationships among variables
were found before and after home-range shifts. The food-enhanced group spent half as much time foraging as did the other groups
and therefore could be used to evaluate the relative extent to which foraging time was a limiting factor for resting and social
time. Under their relaxed ecological conditions, the food-enhanced animals increased resting time much more than social time.
These findings, combined with supplementary information on the population, lead us to suggest that baboons use a suite of
interrelated responses to ecological variability that includes not only changes in activity budgets, but also home-range shifts,
changes in the length of the active period, and changes in group size through fissions. Moreover, our results imply that group
differences as well as interpopulational and interspecific differences in behavioral ecology provide significant sources of
variability. Therefore, social groups rather than populations may be the appropriate unit of analysis for understanding the
behavioral ecology of baboons and other highly social primates. The different patterns we observed among groups may have fitness
consequences for the individuals in those groups and thereby affect population structure over time.
Received: 18 February 1995/Accepted after revision: 6 January 1996 相似文献
107.
利用微生物处理重金属废水已被广泛应用,本文主要从其作用机理和处理方式进行介绍分析,并阐述其存在的优点。 相似文献
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110.
Mohamed Hdi Romdhana Didier Lecomte Bruno Ladevie Caroline Sablayrolles 《Process Safety and Environmental Protection》2009,87(6):377-386
The sewage sludge from wastewater treatment plant is a potential source of infectious organism. The number and type of pathogens in sludge depends on various factors namely, the wastewater source, the type of treatment plant, and other environmental factors such as the biological medium offered by the sewage sludge. The principal sludge-borne diseases are presented followed by discussion on biological aspect of growth and occurrence. The overall objective of this work is to estimate kinetic reduction of pathogen population in sludge during different thermal-drying process including: the agitated conductive drying, drum drying, solar drying, and fry-drying. The temperature curves were reported from literature except frying data which were determined in experiment. In order to apply the temperature influence on pathogens population, kinetic parameters for the thermal inactivation (D, z-values) were chosen from literature. Values of concentrations of each pathogen were also extracted from scientific review of pathogens in bio-solids. This study conducted to resolve the survival kinetic of Hepatitis A viruses. The result showed that a concentration of 7 × 104 cfu/100 ml initially present in the sewage sludge is significantly reduced during the heat drying processes except the solar plant. The sewage sludge is completely disinfected when heated for 20 min, 10 min, and 10 s, respectively, during the agitated conductive process, vacuum fry-drying, and drum drying process. 相似文献